Two Cases of Traumatic Stapedial Dislocation Caused by a Cotton Tipped Swab / 대한이비인후과학회지

A stapedial dislocation is a rare complication of ossicular trauma that is most commonly caused by direct, penetrating injury to the external ear canal. In this type of ossicular dislocation, patients usually suffer from cochleovestibular symptoms including progressive sensorineural hearing loss, conductive hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. We present rare cases of internal stapedial dislocation after penetrating trauma, which resulted in the preservation of bone conduction hearing thresholds and complete resolution of the vestibular symptoms after an urgent repair. We have also reviewed the literature to determine the optimal management of stapedial dislocations.

Cochlear Implantation Using the Endomeatal Approach in a Child with a Extremely Hypoplastic Mastoid / 대한이비인후과학회지

The classic surgical technique for cochlear implantation was first introduced by House in 1961. This technique includes a mastoidectomy and a posterior tympanotomy, which has been most widely used for cochlear implantation. However, this approach may result in the injury of the chorda tympani nerve or the facial nerve. To avoid the risk of the neural injury, several alternative surgical methods have been developed. The endomeatal approach is one of the several alternative techniques. We present, along with a review of literatures, a case of cochlear implantation using the endomeatal approach performed in a child with an extremely hypoplastic mastoid.

A Case of Milk-Alkali Syndrome in a Patient with Hypoparathyroidism after Total Thyroidectomy / 대한이비인후과학회지

Milk-alkali syndrome (MAS) is a disorder featuring hypercalcemia, renal failure and metabolic alkalosis due to ingestion of large amounts of calcium and absorbable alkali. MAS was first reported after Milk-alkali treatment of peptic ulcer in early 1910. But since the late 20th century, the wide availability and increasing consumption of calcium carbonate and vitamin D supplementation mostly for osteoporosis prevention has been noted as reemerging clinical backgrounds of MAS. We experienced a case of a woman who had taken calcium and vitamin D for a year due to hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy. She was admitted suffering from nausea, vomiting, anorexia and irritability with the triad of hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis and acute renal insufficiency. Every abnormal symptom, calcium level and renal function were normalized with fluid and diuretic therapies.

A Case of Endoscopic Reconstruction of Skull Base Defect Combined with Meningoencephalocele in the Sphenoid Sinus / 대한이비인후과학회지

A skull base defect mainly occurs as a result of congenital defect, trauma, iatrogenic injury, inflammatory erosion, increased intracranial pressure or neoplasm. Meningoencephalocele is one of them resulting in skull base defects. Among the several types of meningoencephalocele, protrusion to lateral wall of sphenoid sinus in the basal type is less frequently encountered than other types and has not been reported in Korea. We report a patient with meningoencephalocele protruded to sphenoid sinus wall. It was successfully repaired with nasoseptal flap through the intranasal endoscopic approach.